It was launched in 1956 and became a symbol of the whole Soviet epoch. The GAZ-21 made its public debut in 1955, with a three cars on a demonstration drive from Moscow to the Crimea, two automatic models and a manual. The ZIM was the first GAZ car to feature the leaping deer hood ornament. GAZ also made GAZ-12 ZIM, GAZ-21 and GAZ-24 Volga and the luxury cars GAZ-13 and GAZ-14 Chaika. The GAZ-72, a four-wheel drive version, was produced in low volume. It was the first Soviet car with electric windshield wipers (rather than mechanical- or vacuum-operated ones). (Licensed production under the name Warszawa continued in Polish FSO until the 1970s).
Called the GAZ-M20 Pobeda (Victory), this affordably-priced sedan with streamlined, fastback styling, entered production in 1946 and was produced by GAZ until 1958. The M2's bodyshell entered limited production in 1941, mounted on a four-wheel drive chassis and sold in small quantities as the GAZ-61.Īt that time, GAZ engineers worked to develop an all-new car model to enter production once hostilities ended. Called the GAZ-11, this more upscale model entered production in 1942 and remained in limited wartime production until 1946. ĭuring the war, GAZ assembled Chevrolet G7107 and G7117 (G7107 with winch) from parts shipped from the USA under Lend Lease.Įxperience with the A and the M1 allowed the GAZ engineers to develop their own car model independently of Ford. The M letter stands for Molotovets ('of Molotov's fame'), it was the origin of the car's nickname, M'ka (Эмка). The GAZ-A was succeeded by the more modern GAZ-M1 (based largely on the four-cylinder version of the Ford Model B), produced from 1936 to 1942. From 1935 to 1956, the official name was augmented with imeni Molotova (literally, named after Molotov). In 1933, the factory's name changed to Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod, or GAZ, when the city was renamed after Maxim Gorky similarly, models were renamed GAZ-A and GAZ-AA.
NAZ-A production commenced in 1932 and lasted until 1936, during which time over 100,000 examples were built. Its first vehicle was the medium-priced Ford Model A, sold as the NAZ-A, and a light truck, the Ford Model AA ( NAZ-AA). Production started on 1 January 1932, and the factory and the first marque was titled Nizhegorodsky Avtomobilny Zavod, or NAZ, but also displayed the "Ford" sign. Under its terms, the Soviets agreed to purchase $13 million worth of automobiles and parts, while Ford agreed to give technical assistance until 1938 to construct an integrated automobile-manufacturing plant at Nizhny Novgorod. In May 1929 the Soviet Union signed an agreement with the American Ford Motor Company. See also: Bombing of Gorky in World War II
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